SQL Server Database Planning Before You Start Coding

Start with modules

Before creating tables, list the business modules. For example, a workflow system may need clients, leads, projects, tasks, invoices, payments, documents, support tickets, and users. Each module should have a clear purpose.

Find relationships

After modules are clear, identify relationships. A client can have many projects. A project can have many tasks. An invoice belongs to one client and may have many invoice items. This step prevents confusing table designs later.

Use audit fields

Most enterprise tables should include CreatedOn, CreatedBy, UpdatedOn, UpdatedBy, IsActive, and IsDeleted. These fields make admin dashboards, reports, and support investigation easier.

Choose good data types

Use NVARCHAR for text, DECIMAL for money, DATETIME2 for dates, BIT for true or false values, and BIGINT identity keys when the system may grow. Avoid storing comma-separated values when a proper child table is needed.

Stored procedure checklist

Create procedures for insert, update, delete, get by id, list, and active list. Keep names consistent so the repository layer stays predictable.